Glucan phosphate inhibits HMGB-1 release from rat myocardial H9C2 cells in sepsis via TLR4/NF-кB signal pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The effect of glucan phosphate (GP) on the release of HMGB-1 from rat myocardial cells (H9C2) during lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis, and the underlying mechanisms, were investigated. METHODS: H9C2 cells were divided into three groups: normal; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/ml LPS); and, LPS+GP (2 mg/ml GP). Western blot was used to determine toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels, and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays (EMSA) was used to determine nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) activity 3, 6 and 9 h after treatment. HMGB-1 mRNA levels in cultured cells were determined by real-time PCR and supernatant HMGB-1 protein levels were evaluated by ELISA at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after treatment. Following the transfection of H9C2 cells with Ad5-IкBα, which inhibits NF-кB activity, TLR4, NF-кB and HMGB-1 levels were determined. RESULTS: Intracellular TLR4 levels and NF-кB activity in LPS and LPS+GP groups increased 3-9 h after stimulation, but the increased levels of TLR4 and elevated activity of NF-кB were significantly lower in the LPS+GP group vs. the LPS group. HMGB-1 mRNA levels in both LPS and LPS+GP groups, increased gradually from 24 h after stimulation, but the increase was more obvious in the LPS group vs. the LPS+GP group. Supernatant HMGB-1 levels in the LPS and LPS+GP groups increased gradually from 9 h after stimulation, and also increased markedly in the LPS group. After the inhibition of NF-кB activity, LPS-induced HMGB-1 release decreased significantly (p.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".