Blast vibration monitoring in cemented paste backfill during its curing stage – a case study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An extensive seismic monitoring program was carried out at an underground mine as part of a comprehensive geotechnical study on the behaviour of cemented paste backfill (CPB) used as stope filling material, under a normal production blast environment. The ultimate goal of the study was to investigate potential liquefaction hazard of CPB due to seismic vibrations issuing from nearby blasting operations. The specific objectives of this phase of the investigation were to; (a) characterise the seismic response of both in situ rock and CPB in selected areas as it relates to normal blasting operation in the mine, (b) determine both amplitude and frequency characteristics of the vibrations issuing from both controlled and normal production blasts in the vicinity of backfilled stope, and (c) study the effect of curing time on the vibration characteristics in the backfill. Multiple vibrations sensors in the form of triaxial accelerometers were embedded in both in situ rock and adjacent backfill. The accelerometers employed in the backfill had a maximum amplitude range of 5-10 g and a frequency response of 1-5 kHz; the accelerometers in rock had a maximum range of either 500 or 1,000 g and a frequency range of 1-10 kHz. The range of distance employed from the blasts was 10-100 m. This paper details the changes in the blast vibration characteristics in CPB with curing time (up to 28 days) in terms of vibration amplitude, frequency content, and the changes in both P-wave velocity, and their implication on vibration loads from typical production blasts at the mine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".