Multimodal Physiotherapy as an Add-On Treatment to Botulinum Neurotoxin A-Therapy in Patients with Cervical Dystonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The treatment of choice for cervical dystonia comprises a local injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A). Whether additional physiotherapy can achieve better results is not clearly documented in the literature. The present study aims to show possible effects of physiotherapy as an add-on treatment to therapy with botulinum neurotoxin type A in terms of pain, severity of dystonia, statics and function of the cervical spine as well as the quality of life in order to optimize the treatment of cervical dystonia. Design/Methods: This is a prospective, single-center, interventional study of a target patient population comprising 20 participants. The study is divided into 2 phases, with each phase lasting for 3 months. During the first phase, the usual BoNT-A will be applied. In addition, the baseline values will be collected and these assessments will be repeated at an interval of 6 weeks. In the second phase, participants will undergo a physiotherapy program consisting of two 45 min sessions per week in addition to the BoNT-A treatment. The assessments will be undertaken at the same intervals as in the first phase. Analysis: In order to determine the effect of the add-on physiotherapy program, the following parameters will be measured for each assessment: quality of life using the SF- 36 score and the range of motion determined by the ZEBRIS measurement system which will comprise the primary endpoints. Furthermore, for each assessment the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and electrical activity from the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles measured by a surface electromyography will be recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed for all of the collected data. Possible changes in the measured values will be compared to the baseline values over the 2 periods by means of the Wilcoxon-test at a significance level of p<0.05. For the statistical analysis the software SPSS 22.0 will be used. Trial registration: Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien: DRKS00006562
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".