Does Obesity-Related Hemodilution of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Exist in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous investigations reported inverse relationship between prostate-specific antigen concentration and body mass index (BMI). These results have been explained by a hemodilution effect among obese men. However, the hemodilution of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration in obese patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been ever reported. METHODS: Consecutive 381 NSCLC patients were enrolled. A body surface area (BSA)-based and a hematocrit (HCT)-based equations were applied for plasma volume (PV) estimation. The relationship between BMI and PV, serum CEA concentration and CEA amount, representing the total amount of CEA protein within the circulation, were examined. RESULTS: Higher BMI was significantly associated with higher PV (P < 0.001). However, serum CEA concentration was not significantly associated with increasing BMI. Furthermore, there was no significant association between BMI and CEA amount. The 5-year survival rate of patients with a high serum CEA concentration was significantly lower than that of patients with a normal CEA. There was no difference in the prognostic significance of serum CEA concentration and CEA amount. CONCLUSIONS: We failed to find the association between BMI and CEA, suggesting no or small hemodilution effect of CEA in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, the measurement of the CEA amount could not provide any additional information.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".