Eamonn Callan's Creating Citizens: Political Education and Liberal Democracy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
North America is defined as a unity and diversity. A unity in terms of one indivisible nation, with liberty and justice for all; and a diversity in terms of being populated by varied cultures, backgrounds, outlooks, religious beliefs, political points of view, intellectual skills, aspirations, and tastes. As a result, North America has always been a civilization of varied attitudes and opinions, which were occasionally filled with controversy, emotional feelings, expressions, and actions. Such controversies could serve as catalysts for progress, but they could also lead to prejudice, invalid generalizations, and half-truths. This presents a challenge, which appears endemic to liberal democracies. Its principled commitment to equal representation of all requires that citizens with different cultural identities, often based on ethnicity, race, gender, or religion, be recognized as equals in the way they are treated in politics or in the way their children are educated in public schools. Thus, liberal democracies must account for and recognize such particular identities. But the challenge endemic to liberal democracies is the necessity to also focus upon the interests, which serve to unify it. Its survival depends upon the existence of a set of commonly held ideals, which are transmitted from one generation to the next.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".