Storm wind flow over a foredune, Prince Edward Island, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Near-surface airflow over a morphologically simple, vegetated 8m high foredune with a small wave cut scarp was measured during a high velocity (11-18 ms-1), onshore, sand-transporting gale event. Flow across the foredune was characterized by topographically forced accelerations up the steep stoss slope leading to a progressive increase upslope in near-surface wind speed even within the vegetation canopy. As incident wind speed approached ∼14 ms-1 (measured at 3m height on the crest), jet-like flow structures occurred at the foredune crest between the vegetation canopy and the 1.8m height region. Comparison of velocity profiles through time indicates that the jet structure remains consistent as velocities increase from 14 ms-1 to 18 ms-1. Throughout the storm period, even with a very small fetch, an echo dune formed at the scarp base. Sand in saltation bypassed the echo dune and scarp wall and was transported up the stoss slope. Fine sand was also transported in suspension across the entire dune and downwind. The long term implications for foredune development are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".