Comparative Study of <i>in Situ</i> and <i>ex Situ</i> Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Milk Protein and Separation of Bioactive Peptides in an Electromembrane Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tryptic hydrolysis of whey protein isolate was performed simultaneously during ( in situ ) and before ( ex situ ) fractionation by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) to obtain bioactive peptides. Peptide migration to anionic (A RC – ) and cationic (C RC + ) peptide recovery compartments was strongly dependent on the digestion strategy used. Indeed, peptide migration to the A RC – was observed to be higher with in situ digestion while peptide migration to the C RC + was higher in an ex situ digestion: a final peptide concentration of 103.10 ± 2.76 μg/mL was found in the C RC + (ex situ) while it was 49.65 ± 6.13 μg/mL in the A RC – (in situ). HPLC-MS studies showed 23 major peaks that were generated by tryptic digestion of whey protein isolate. Seven of these peptides migrated to the A RC – while nine and eight peptides migrated to the C RC + for ex situ and in situ digestions, respectively. Among them, different antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and hypocholesterolemic peptides were recovered depending on the recovery compartment such as IDALNENK and VYVEELKPTPEGDLEILLQK in A RC – and ALPMHIR, TKIPAVFK, VLVLDTDYKK, and VAGTWY in C RC + regardless of the mode of enzymatic hydrolysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".