The Within- and Cross-language Role of Syntactic Awareness in Reading Comprehension Among French Immersion Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two related studies examining the within- and cross-language transfer of syntactic awareness (SA) to concurrent measures of reading comprehension (RC) between English and French are reported. Participants were first- and third-grade Canadian French immersion students. Results indicated that Grade 1 English SA significantly predicted French RC after cognitive and within-language controls, while Grade 1 French SA did not. In Grade 3, by contrast, English SA was unrelated to either English or French RC, while French SA was predictive of both. In all cases, SA was indirectly related to RC both within and across languages. Adding to the limited research on metalinguistic transfer, these results support hypotheses for the transferability of SA and provide preliminary evidence for its crossover role in reading across languages. The findings call for increased theoretical and academic attention to, and pose educational implications for, the involvement of SA in models of within- and cross-language RC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".