Sociodemographic characteristics associated with the use of effective and less effective contraceptive methods: findings from the Understanding Fertility Management in Contemporary Australia survey
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Unintended pregnancy and abortion may, in part, result from suboptimal use of effective contraception. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic factors associated with the use of effective and less effective methods among women and men of reproductive age living in Australia. METHODS: In a cross-sectional national survey, 1544 women and men aged 18-51 were identified as being at risk of pregnancy. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the sociodemographic factors related to contraceptive use. RESULTS: Most respondents (n = 1307, 84.7%) reported using a method of contraception. Use of any contraceptive was associated with being born in Australia (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.89; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]1.186, 3.01; p = .008), having English as a first language (OR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.04; p = .026), having private health insurance (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.66, 3.04; p < .001), and not considering religion important to fertility choices (OR 0.43; 95%CI 0.31, 0.60; p < .001). A third used effective contraceptive methods (n = 534, 34.6%; permanent methods: 23.1%, and long-acting reversible contraception (LARC): 11.4%). Permanent methods were more likely to be used in rural areas (OR 0.62; 95%CI 0.46, 0.84; p = .002). Use of the least effective, short-term methods was reported by nearly half (condoms: 25.6%, withdrawal: 12.5%, and fertility-awareness-based methods: 2.8%). Those who relied on withdrawal were more likely to live in a metropolitan area (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.95, 4.18; p < .001), and not have private health insurance (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.38, 0.71; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted promotion of the broad range of available contraceptives may raise awareness and uptake of more effective methods and improve reproductive autonomy in certain population groups.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it