Distribution of circular single‐stranded <scp>DNA</scp> viruses associated with benthic amphipods of genus <i>Diporeia</i> in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Benthic amphipods of genus Diporeia are key indicators of ecosystem health and were the most abundant invertebrate in the four deep Laurentian Great Lakes until the mid‐1990s. The mechanism(s) responsible for declines in Diporeia abundance in Lakes Huron, Michigan and Ontario remain contentious. A previous study identified a circular replication initiator protein‐encoding single‐stranded (CRESS) DNA virus, LM29173, associated with Diporeia populations. This study surveys the distribution of CRESS‐DNA viral genotypes in amphipods from several populations and investigates the relationship between viral presence and nutritional quality of the amphipod. We show that CRESS‐DNA virus‐like sequences are common in Diporeia nanobiomes, and are detectable as free particles in virioplankton. Among three identified CRESS‐DNA viral genotypes (LM29173, LM122 and LH481), LM29173 is a recurrent and prevalent constituent of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron Diporeia‐associated viral consortia, with genotype load averaging 726–3,643 copies mg−1 of tissue. LM29173 abundance coincides with amphipod haplotype demographics, and was more prevalent among Diporeia from the southern clade (Lakes Michigan, Huron, New York Finger Lakes) than northern clade (Lake Superior), irrespective of the state of population decline. We expected that the association of CRESS‐DNA viruses would impart costs to amphipod physiology. However, viral load of LM29173 did not correlate with amphipod nutritional quality (lipid content, C:N stoichiometry).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".