Geomorphic Impacts of Highway Construction, Their Causes and Remedies: A Case Study from Aqaba, Southern Jordan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Aqaba by-pass was constructed through extremely rugged and arid granite mountains and alluvial piedmont overlooking the lower Wadi Araba and the Gulf of Aqaba. Different landform units, surface materials, and abundant ephemeral wadi channels exist along the road corridor. On 21 March 1991, after the completion of road construction and before its opening to trafic, a flood of 6-7 years return period occurred and caused heavy damage to the road. Another flood in December 1993 exposed the road to additional damage and problems. A geomorphological survey was carried out to evaluate the road corridor with respect to fluvial processes affecting the road and its safety. Three engineering geomorphological problems were recognized: (i) inadequate design for almost all major and minor wadi crossings; (ii) lack of understanding of geomorphic setting along the road corridor—fluvial activity, braided and changing wadi channels, sediment sources, and potential flood hazard had not been fully appreciated in the desi...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".