Naissance et évolution de la lutte cyclo-militante à Montréal et à Paris (1972-2004)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclists are more and more numerous, the number of bicycle paths keeps increasing over the years, and the success of self-service rental bikes proves the interest that both municipalities and city-dwellers show in cycling. Time for a new connection to urban areas has come. Cars are progressively being banned from traffic in favor of alternative less polluting and more economical means of transportation. An authentic culture of the urban cycling enthusiast appeared in cities, supported by a prevailing cycling philosophy. In the end, this recent infatuation is the legacy left by an historical process that the voluntary sector started in the early 1970s. Gathered to defend cyclists’ rights and promote the advantages of a nonmotorized traffic, cycle-militants force themselves on the scene of urban contestations. Throughout the in-depth study of the association "le Monde à Bicyclette" from Montreal, and that of "Le Mouvement de Défense de la Bicyclette" located in Paris, the following analysis aims at tracing back the origins of the cycling revolution ("vélorution") until the early 2000s. Two periods are thus brought to light: that of the struggle being a crossfertilization of influences dominated by a libertarian, freewheeling spirit (1972-1985) then followed by a transition period when militants will seek membership from public institutions for the creation of segregated cycle facilities (1982-2004). The study of these two associations reveals the development of local and international networks at the beginning of the 1970s mingling claims, militants, and influences, and which will result in shaping unprecedented hybridization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".