An Austenitic Stainless Steel, Resistant to High Temperature Creep and Naphthenic Acids Attack in Refinery Environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A hybrid, austenitic stainless steel has been developed for heater tubes, forgings, bends, fittings and welding consumables, which has higher strength than TP 316 and TP 347 in API 530 up to 1200°F (650°C). This allows for thinner wall tubes that provide optimum heat transfer and stress reduction and results in significant savings in material, fabrication and operational costs. 16Cr11Ni2.5MoCb has the attributes of many of the higher alloyed materials and in terms of life expectancy, creep rupture strength is an order of magnitude higher than TP 347. The 2.5% minimum molybdenum makes the material ideally suited for high naphthenic acid applications. In the as-welded condition the material offers high immunity to sensitization thus eliminating the need for stabilization annealing both before and after welding. The high resistance to polythionic acid eliminates the need for a soda ash wash during shutdowns, which provides added reliability, and reduces operation downtime during turnarounds. 16Cr11Ni2.5MoCb is predicted to have higher creep rupture strength than comparable austenitic alloys1 and can be readily formed and fabricated in a similar way to TP 347.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".