Differences in TLR2 pattern recognition receptor expression on blood mononuclear cells with and without ligand stimulation among dairy cattle classified by estimated breeding value (EBV) of adaptive immune response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis investigated bovine toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), an innate pattern recognition receptor (PRR), on bovine blood mononuclear cells (BMC). BMC were evaluated from dairy cattle classified into immune response (IR) groups based on their estimated breeding values (EBV) for antibody-mediated (AMIR) and cell-mediated (CMIR) IR. The first study investigated ex-vivo TLR2 expression by IR group for AMIR and CMIR traits separately. Cattle with High (H)-AMIR had a higher percentage of cells expressing TLR2 in contrast to Average (A)-AMIR and Low (L)-AMIR groups. The second study investigated TLR2 expression ex-vivo among cattle classified into 5 IR groups based on AMIR and CMIR traits combined. For both ex-vivo studies, CD14+ monocytes had the highest percentage of cells expressing TLR2 among BMC. Cows classified in the H-AMIR/H-CMIR group had the highest TLR2 median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of all IR groups and was significantly higher compared to A-AMIR/A-CMIR cows. The third study evaluated in-vitro TLR2 expression on BMC and subsets following culture with TLR2 ligands. After 18h of culture, the percentage of cells expressing TLR2 increased among all BMC and was highest for BAQ155A+ B cells compared to other subsets. Variation in TLR2 MFI expression induced by PAM3CSK4 and Man-LAM could be explained by pregnancy or parity fixed effects or their interaction. The fourth study evaluated in-vitro TLR2 expression and cytokine production in the context of IR group. H-AMIR/H-CMIR cows had significantly higher MFI for TLR2 expression compared to H-AMIR/L-CMIR cows following culture with PAM3CSK4 or LTA. For the CD14+ cell subset, MFI was highest for the H-AMIR/H-CMIR group compared to all other IR groups following culture with PAM3CSK4. The pattern of TLR2 MFI expression for CD14+ monocytes was different for Man-LAM in that both the L-AMIR/L-CMIR and H-AMIR/H-CMIR groups had significantly higher expression compared to other IR groups. IL-1ß was negatively associated with TLR2 expression in that the highest IL-1ß was observed with A-AMIR/A-CMIR cows and was lowest for H-AMIR/H-CMIR and L-AMIR/L-CMIR cows. The higher expression of TLR2 on BMC and associated cytokine expression among cattle that rank high for both AMIR and CMIR may contribute to enhanced adaptive IR and disease resistance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".