Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in four Middle East countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We report the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension across four Middle Eastern countries (Iran, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates), using a standardized and uniform method. METHODS: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study enrolled participants from 52 urban and 35 rural communities from four countries in the Middle East. We report results using definitions of hypertension, prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control, and the standards for uniform reporting of hypertension in adults as recently recommended by the World Hypertension League expert committee. RESULTS: Data for analyses were available on 10 516 participants, of whom 5082 (48%) were men. The mean age was 49 (±9.4) years for men and 48 (±9.3) years among women. A total of 3270 participants had hypertension (age-standardized rates, 33%), and n = 1807 (49%) of these participants were aware of their diagnosis. Of those with hypertension, n = 1754, (47%) were treated and only n = 673, (19%) had controlled blood pressure levels. Only 17% (n = 541) of those treated for hypertension received two or more blood pressure-lowering medications and 15% (n = 499) received statins. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of blood pressure were higher among women and older (50-69 years) participants compared with men and younger individuals (30-49 years) (P < 0.0001 for all). The prevalence was higher in rural communities; however, awareness, treatment, and control were significantly higher among urban dwellers. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate the need for improvements in hypertension diagnosis and treatment in the Middle East, especially in rural communities, men and younger individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".