Negative symptom correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in schizophrenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: People with schizophrenia tend to engage in less physical activity (PA) than the general population, and experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease and obesity. Symptoms of schizophrenia are heterogeneous, and categorized as Positive, Negative, or Cognitive. Negative symptoms (NS) – deficits in typical function – have been consistently associated with less PA among people with schizophrenia. Certain NS, specifically amotivation, may be more relevant to engaging in goal-directed activities than others. Associations between specific NS and PA have not been reported. A secondary analysis of reliability data for a Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) inventory for PA in schizophrenia examined relationships between symptomology, PA and sedentary behaviour. Methods: 26 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assessed for symptoms using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Clinical Global Impression Severity scale (CGI), and the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Participants reported moderate and vigorous PA and sitting time from the previous 7 days using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and PA Intentions from the HAPA inventory. Results: Pearson correlations revealed significant associations between high levels of amotivation (AES) and fewer weekly minutes of moderate PA ( r =-.41, p =.035) and PA intentions ( r =-.56, p =.003). Total BPRS ( r =-.56, p =.003), the NS factor of the BPRS ( r =.40, p =.045) and CGI scores ( r =-.54, p =.004) were also inversely related to PA intentions. Sitting time was related to total BPRS ( r =.43, p =.042) and CGI scores ( r =.45, p =.032); a similar trend emerged with the AES (r=.38, p=.08). Symptom scales did not significantly correlate with vigorous or moderate-to-vigorous PA. Conclusion: These findings suggest a central role for amotivation as a disease-related barrier to moderate PA in patients with schizophrenia. A larger sample size would allow for more specific analysis of symptomology correlates of PA, which may help tailor PA promotion to the heterogeneous needs of this population. Acknowledgments: This study was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) operating grant #MOP-115709.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".