The Role of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Circulating Cytokines in Differentiating between Feeding Intolerance and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To describe the circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in stable premature infants, infants with suspect necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)/feeding intolerance (FI), and infants with proven NEC and to determine whether combinations of markers could provide a diagnostic tool for differentiating between benign FI and NEC. Methods Seventy infants were enrolled in a prospective study performed in two university neonatal intensive care units. Thirty-five matched controls (CON), 23 infants with FI or suspect NEC, and 12 infants with definitive and surgical NEC were studied. The pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) levels were measured at the onset of FI or NEC, or during week 2 to 3 for CON. Results There was no statistically significant difference in TNF-α levels among the three patient groups. IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in NEC group as compared with CON (p > 0.001), and in NEC group as compared with FI/suspect NEC. There was no significant difference in individual plasma levels of IL-6 or IL-8 between the CON and FI. The combined serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 was more predictive of NEC stage II/III (area under the curve = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–0.92; p < 0.0001). Conclusion IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in infants with definitive surgical NEC but not those with FI. The combined level of IL-6 and IL-8 may be useful for distinguishing infants with suspect NEC/FI from those with NEC.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".