Planar transformers with no common mode noise generation for flyback and forward converters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flyback and Forward converters are two commonly used topologies for isolated low power applications. In order to enhance the performance of these converters, planar transformers (PT) can be used that feature lower height, considerably lower leakage inductance, excellent thermal characteristics, repeatability, and manufacturing simplicity. Selecting a proper winding arrangement for PT is a significant challenge, in particular given the large capacitances involved in flat structures. While interleaved structures significantly reduce the AC resistance and leakage inductance of PTs, they also lead to very large inter-winding capacitance, which produces significant levels of undesired common-mode (CM) noise that causes EMI problems. This paper focuses on the creation of interleaved winding structures that minimize CM noise and EMI commonly present in PT and at the same time achieves low AC resistance and leakage inductance. The experimental results show that the proposed PTs not only have very low AC resistance and leakage inductance, but also generate extremely low levels of CM noise. Considering that the proposed PT has inter-winding capacitance equal to 700pF, it is very interesting to see that it generates significantly less CM noise than does a traditional wire-wound transformer that has only 10pF parasitic capacitance. Therefore, the proposed method gives designers the opportunity to minimize AC resistance and leakage inductance by using highly inter-leaved structures, without having to worry about CM noise caused by large inter-winding capacitance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".