Examining the association between physical fitness, executive function, and memory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the aging population increases, neurodegenerative diseases present a growing threat. One such threat is Alzheimer’s disease, as it causes the deterioration of memory and the loss of independence. It is paramount to identify protective mechanisms that prevent or delay the onset of the disease. Physical activity may help to preserve aspects of cognitive function that decline with age and reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the underlying mechanism through which physical activity reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown. Although older adults who are more physically fit have better executive function, memory performance is unrelated to their physical fitness. This suggests that physical activity may not directly support memory to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Instead, physical fitness may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by improving executive function, which may compensate for memory loss and artificially increase older adults’ beliefs about their memory ability. To examine the potential link between physical fitness, executive function and memory belief, we separated healthy older adults based on their score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a screening tool used to detect early signs of cognitive decline. As expected, older adults who passed the MoCA had better memory performance than those who failed. Furthermore, those who passed the MoCA had beliefs about their memory ability that mirrored their actual memory performance. However, the memory ability beliefs of those who failed the MoCA were unrelated to their actual memory performance; instead positive beliefs about their memory were related to better executive function performance and higher physical fitness. The results demonstrate the dissociation between the beliefs about memory ability and the actual memory ability of older adults with cognitive decline. The findings also reveal a novel association between physical fitness, executive function, and memory belief for individuals with cognitive impairment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".