Heat and Mass Transfer Around a Bubble on a Horizontal Surface in a Subcooled Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early state heat and mass transfer processes around a nucleated bubble in a subcooled flow boiling is studied numerically. The model uses both boiling and condensation processes, in which microlayer evaporation, thermal boundary layer conduction and kinetic theory evaporation and condensation heat and mass transfer mechanisms, are included. In addition, the model includes a microlayer thickness prediction. \nThe model is applied on a two-dimensional and a three-dimensional computational domain at different subcooling temperatures and flow velocities in presence of gravity. The heated surface superheat and the system pressure are kept constant in all simulations. The two phase model, Volume of Fluid (VOF) in ANSYS/FLUENT is used. \nThe results of the study show the importance of each of the heat transfer mechanisms in various stages of the bubble growth. At the early stages of the bubble growth, the microlayer heat transfer is the dominant transfer mechanism, however, as the bubble grows, the evaporation through bubble upper surface becomes significant. Furthermore, results indicate that the isothermal bubble assumption, which is used in prior models, is not valid for the whole life of bubble growth. \nThe new bubble diameter correlation is concluded from theoretical analysis, which is the function of both √t and t with the coefficient of Ja and Pr numbers. The numerical model predicted bubble lift off diameter at p=2.5atm,〖∆T〗_sup=9℃,〖∆T〗_sub=15℃ is 0.36mm that is predicted experimentally 0.39mm at the same operating conditions. By 7% of underestimation of lift off diameter, the numerical model is validated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".