An Early Naïve T Cell Population Lacking PD1 Expression at Day 100 As A Prognostic Biomarker of Chronic GVHD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and non-relapse mortality in patients surviving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) beyond 100 days. T cells have a well-recognized role in cGVHD, although distinct subpopulations of T cells likely play different roles in mediating and modulating cGVHD. There is a need to define more precise biomarkers of cGVHD that are predictive of clinical outcome. Methods: Fifty-two peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from adults at Day +100 following HSCT. NIH clinical diagnostic consensus criteria were used to define patients with cGVHD (n = 23) and no cGVHD (n = 36) for two-group analyses, and then further divided into the following categories for four-group analyses: Tolerant (no GVHD; n = 11), Isolated (acute GVHD only, n = 20), De Novo (cGVHD only; n = 6), or Progressive (both acute and cGVHD; n = 15). PBMCs were sorted by flow cytometry using T cell markers CD45RA, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD25, CD31, CCR7, and PD1, using a gating strategy by flowDensity. The two-group analyses also included an unstructured gating technique using flowType pipeline to phenotype all T cell populations without an a priori gating sequence. Those with a minimum mean two-fold change using RchyOptimyx were reported. Results: In a population of naïve CD4 + CD8-CD45RA+ cells T cells, (excluding CD25 + CD127- Treg cells), PD1- was predictive of cGVHD in both a two-group comparison of cGVHD+ versus cGVHD- (29% vs. 10%; p = 0.02, Table 1), and a four-group comparison of GVHD subgroups (p = 0.004), with an AUC of ROC curve of 0.76. Other markers which were significant in the cGVHD population included CD31+ (p = 0.01), and CCR7+ (p = 0.004), both with AUCs of 0.71. However, the addition of CD31+, CCR7+, or both, did not increase the AUC in unstructured analysis beyond the effect of the PD1- population alone. Conclusion: At Day +100 following HSCT, patients with cGVHD had significantly larger populations of naïve CD4 T cell with CD31+, CCR7+, and PD1-, compared to patients without cGVHD. This was seen with both the structure and unstructured gating strategies. PD1- appeared to be the strongest factor, without significant additive effect of CD31+ and CCR7+ reflected in the AUC. Taken together, this early naïve T cell phenotype CD4 + CD8-CD45RA + PD1- may be an important prognostic biomarker to predict the later development of cGVHD.Figure
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".