Influence of Long‐term Application of Feedlot Manure Amendments on Water Repellency of a Clay Loam Soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long‐term application of feedlot manure to cropland may increase the quantity of soil organic carbon (C) and change its quality, which may influence soil water repellency. The objective was to determine the influence of feedlot manure type (stockpiled vs. composted), bedding material (straw [ST] vs. woodchips [WD]), and application rate (13, 39, or 77 Mg ha −1 ) on repellency of a clay loam soil after 17 annual applications. The repellency was determined on all 14 treatments using the water repellency index ( R index), the water drop penetration time (WDPT) method, and molarity of ethanol (MED) test. The C composition of particulate organic matter in soil of five selected treatments after 16 annual applications was also determined using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance–direct polarization with magic‐angle spinning (NMR‐DPMAS). Manure type had no significant ( P > 0.05) effect on R index and WDPT, and MED classification was similar. Mean R index and WDPT values were significantly greater and MED classification more hydrophobic for WD than ST. Application rate had no effect on the R index, but WDPT was significantly greater and MED classification more hydrophobic with increasing application rate. Strong ( r > 0.7) but nonsignificant positive correlations were found between R index and WDPT versus hydrophobic (alkyl + aromatic) C, lignin at 74 ppm (O‐alkyl), and unspecified aromatic compounds at 144 ppm. Specific aromatic compounds also contributed more to repellency than alkyl, O‐alkyl, and carbonyl compounds. Overall, all three methods consistently showed that repellency was greater for WD‐ than ST‐amended clay loam soil, but manure type had no effect. Core Ideas Feedlot manure type had no influence on soil water repellency. Soil water repellency was greater for woodchip than straw‐amended soils. Soil water repellency increased with greater application rates. Soil water repellency was most positively correlated with aromatic C group and compounds. Soil water repellency was generally greater for amended than unamended soils.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".