Recovery of the intertidal communities in Howe Sound: 25+ years of monitoring data analysis and modeling.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine biological community in Howe Sound (British Columbia, Canada) adjacent to Georgia Strait has been recovering over the last two decades since initiation of more stringent enforcement of environmental standards. Closure of one of the two pulp mills, improvement in the effluent treatment at the second pulp mill and at the former copper mine site, as well as a number of remediation and restoration projects led to the reduction of the contamination load on Howe Sound. Intertidal community monitoring has been conducted in the area since 1990, which documented some recovery of intertidal species diversity and abundance. However, the recovery at the sites heavily impacted by industrial effluents and historically accumulated marine depositions was minimal compared to the recovery of the less impacted sites. Data collected since 1990 at several sites located along contamination gradient were analyzed with the following questions in mind: (a) what are the dynamics of recovery at the sites with different impact level? (b) what are the major factors impairing recovery? (d) What are the key species that could facilitate the successional recovery at the site? (e) Can we accelerate the recovery of intertidal communities though physical and biological habitat enhancement? The results of the analysis and data modeling are presented to illustrate recovery of marine communities in multi-stressor environments and can be applied to develop management to facilitate successful marine ecosystem recover post-pollution abatement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".