Twin‐screw reactive extrusion for phosphorylation of pea starch with a retained granular identity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present work examines the ability to reactively modify a pea starch by phosphorylation in a twin‐screw extruder without the loss of its granular form, in order to produce a product for functional food uses. This reaction was studied by varying formulation variables of moisture content as well as reactant and sodium sulfate concentration at 95°C and 150 rpm. The modified starch was characterized for its phosphorus content, in vitro digestibility by the Englyst method, thermal gelatinization properties, and pasting behavior. Phosphorus contents of intact starch granules as high as 0.3% were found (close to the 0.4% limit for foods), produced continuously under extrusion conditions corresponding to a residence time of approximately one minute. Higher moisture content and low sodium sulfate concentration favored higher phosphorus content but increased the chances of amylose leaching and agglomerating of the exiting granules. In all cases, the pea starch experienced some change in its gelatinization transition consistent with simultaneous heat‐moisture treatment occurring along with the reaction inside the extruder. The current configuration of the process was not found suitable to major increases in resistant starch content though minor improvements in slowly digestible starch content were reported.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".