Defect motion in a quantum solid with spin: hcp <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>He</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Defect motion in solid helium has a unique quantum nature due to the large zero-point motion of helium atoms, which allows vacancies and isotopic impurities to tunnel and move ballistically. Recent shear modulus experiments showed that dislocations are also extraordinarily mobile in solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. The lighter isotope, $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, has even larger zero-point motion and an extra degree of freedom---nuclear spin---which can affect defect motion. We have measured the shear modulus of hcp solid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ to probe the motion of dislocations and isotopic impurities. We observed a crossover between stiff and soft states, due to $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ impurities which immobilize dislocations at low temperatures. In contrast to solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, the impurities in hcp $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ act as static pinning sites because of the disordered configuration of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclear spins. In addition, we observed an unexpected dissipation that increased rapidly at low frequencies, indicating a strong interaction between nuclear spins and moving dislocations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".