Momentum-based Dumbbell Training Improved Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional state between healthy aging and dementia, which has higher risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease. Older adults with MCI also experience decline of motor control, affecting their health and independence. Studies have demonstrated that combined cognitive and exercise training may well provide greater cognitive and physical benefits. Momentum-based dumbbell training is a self-initiated spinning exercise that uses dumbbells to generate momentum while performing exercise movements with varying configurations aimed at concurrently challenging physical and cognitive abilities. PURPOSE: The main purpose of our study was to explore the effects of momentum-based dumbbell training on cognitive function in older adults with MCI. A secondary purpose was to examine its effects on physical function. METHODS: Forty-five community-dwelling older adults with MCI were randomly assigned to either a dumbbell training group (DTG; n=22) or control group (CG; n=23). Participants in the DTG participated in a 3-time weekly exercise session for 12 weeks. All outcome measures were taken at baseline and post-intervention, including Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test-A/B (TMT-B), Digit Span Test-Forward/Backward (DST-F), Timed Up & Go (TUG), Timed 10m walking, Functional Reach (FR) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). RESULTS: Compared to those in the CG participants in the DTG had significantly improved ADAS-Cog (5.02 points, F=6.95, P=0.012 and MMSE score (1.23 points; F=4.84, P=0.03) with moderate and high effect size (ES=1.28-0.51). There were significant within-group changes (improvement) in ADAS-Cog (t=-2.34, P=0.03), MMSE (t=2.00, P=0.06), MoCA (t=3.85, P<0.01), TMT-A/B (t=-2.80, P=0.01; t=-3.09, P=0.01) and DST-B (t=2.41, P=0.03). Participants in the DTG improved their functional mobility (TUG=0.81s, F=4.34, P=0.043). There was no between-group difference in other outcomes. CONCLUSION: A 12-week momentum-based dumbbell training can improve cognition and physical function in older adults with MCI, especially global cognitive function and mobility. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81572213).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".