The Effects Of An Eight Week Exercise Intervention On Brain Activity In Depressed And Non Depressed Individuals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Memory deficits is the most frequently reported cognitive symptom in people suffering with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Supporting clinical findings, neuroimaging studies investigating memory impairment in people with MDD have identified brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe to be dysregulated during both memory encoding and retrieval. Exercise for brain health has been a common research theme for the past several years. Research has found that exercise protects against the development of neurodegenerative diseases, reverses brain volume loss in the elderly, upregulates neurogenesis in rodents and improves learning and memory. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an eight week exercise program on brain function during a memory task in people suffering with MDD and young healthy individuals. METHODS: Eight medicated patients with a clinical diagnosis of MDD based on DSM-IV criteria and eight healthy controls completed an eight week supervised exercise intervention. Participants performed an associative memory fMRI task matching names to faces pre and post the exercise intervention. Region of interest (ROI; anterior hippocampus) and whole-brain analyses were conducted to examine changes in brain function pre and post the exercise intervention. RESULTS: Following the eight weeks of exercise our ROI analyses revealed no group x time interaction, no main effect of group and a marginal main effect of time that did not reach significance. When examining the whole sample, collapsing across groups, increases in activity were present following the intervention in several regions, such as the basal ganglia, medial frontal and parietal lobe, and posterior cingulate. A regression analysis was conducted to determine if the change in activity pre/post was related to improvement in depression scores. We found those who showed the greatest improvement in depression scores had a reduction in activity in the left occipital and right motor regions. This finding suggests an improvement in sensory and motor processing. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that exercise can modulate brain activity during memory encoding in both healthy controls and those suffering from depression, which may be related to the reduction in symptoms shown in patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".