Effect of diet on in vivo embryo production of non-lactating and non-pregnant Holstein cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of two isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, a corn-based and a citruspulp based diet (both mixed with sugarcane bagasse), on the quality and quantity of embryos produced by 25 nonlactating and non-pregnant Holstein cows. The hypothesis is that a diet generating higher proportion of propionate relative to acetate in the rumen, as citrus pulp, would have positive effects on embryo production. The study was performed in a crossover design with two 70-d long periods each. Two superovulatory (SOV) treatments were performed on each period with a 35-d interval between them, in order to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of energy sources. An adaptation diet was provided for 14 d before the beginning of the experiment and for more 14 d between the two periods. Diet was balanced for maintenance and was offered individually at 1% of body weight in dry matter. Cows were weighed every 14 d. The protocol used for SOVs included eight decreasing doses of FSH (Folltropin-V, Bioniche, Canada), 300 mg i.m in total. Frozen semen of three Holstein bulls, which were balanced between treatments, was used. Seven d after AI the embryos were collected according to the procedure described by Castro Neto et al. (Theriogenology, v.63, p.1249-1255, 2005) and classified according to the stage of development (Souza et al., Animal Reproduction, v.4, p.70-76, 2007) and quality: Grade I and II (freezable), Grade III, degenerate and unfertilized oocytes (UFO). Ultrasonography evaluations were performed at the end of the SOV protocol to count the number of follicles ≥8 mm. Data were evaluated by the ProcMixed of SAS, with a 0.05 significance level. There was no change on body weight throughout the experimental period. No difference was detected on the number of freezable embryos per cow between corn and citrus pulp treatments (2.5 ± 0.79 vs. 3.4 ± 0.77, respectively; P = 0.24), Grade III embryos (0.8 ± 0.22 vs. 0.5 ± 0.22; P = 0.22), viable embryos (Grades I-III; 3.6 ± 1.01 vs. 4.0 ± 0.99; P = 0.96), degenerate (2.3 ± 0.48 vs. 2.4 ± 0.47; P = 0.85) and UFO (5.0 ± 1.11 vs. 3.8 ± 1.09; P = 0.21). The recovery rate was 60.5 ± 5.86 vs. 56.4 ± 5.77% (P = 0.53) and the average embryo development stage was 4.3 ± 0.08 and 4.3 ± 0.08 (P = 0.85) for corn and citrus pulp, respectively. Regardless of treatment, the second SOV of each period (chronic effect) resulted in a lower proportion of freezable embryos compared to the first SOV (17.5 ± 5.39 vs. 33.1 ± 5.14%; P = 0.003), viable embryos (30.0 ± 6.83 vs. 39.3 ± 6.59%; P = 0.05) and UFO (37.4 ± 6.23 vs. 53.1 ± 5.88%; P = 0.02). The first period had a greater number of ovulated follicles per cow compared to the second (18.5 ± 1.96 vs. 15.2 ± 1.95; P = 0.04). It was concluded that there was no effect of diet on the production and quality of the embryos.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".