Long-term Exercise Program Enrolment in Older Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Substantial research supports the benefits of exercise training for older adults, but much of the existing evidence comes from highly structured, laboratory-based interventions. A longitudinal investigation of the impact of enrolment in a community exercise program on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength among a heterogeneous population of older adults is warranted. PURPOSE: To examine changes in CRF and muscular strength among participants of the MacSeniors Exercise and Wellness program through a retrospective chart review. METHODS: Included subjects (n = 124) completed exercise tests prior to program entry and after a minimum of one-year participation in the program. One-sample t-tests were used to analyze rates of change in CRF and muscular strength (separately for each muscle group) in comparison to the population sample. The rate of 1.00% per year was selected for comparison because it is the minimum expected CRF decline. Rates of strength decline were compared to those established in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study (2006) by Goodpaster et al. (3.42% and 2.65% for men and women, respectively) due to its comparable design and participant characteristics. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up time of 5.2 ± 2.6 years, absolute- (-0.29 ± 0.58%, p = 0.23) and relative- (0.06 ± 0.62%, p = 0.13) changes in VO2peak were not significantly different than the minimum expected decline of 1.00% per year, among men. However, both measures of CRF significantly improved over time in women (absolute VO2peak [2.25 ± 0.66%, p < 0.001]; relative VO2peak [2.24 ± 0.68%, p < 0.001]). Changes in muscular strength were significantly less than the established rates of decline across all muscle groups in both men ([1-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press: -0.38 ± 0.96%, 1-RM row: -0.01 ± 0.82%, 1-RM knee extension: 0.25 ± 0.83%], p < 0.05) and women ([1-RM bench press: 3.23 ± 1.11%, 1-RM row: 1.58 ± 0.91%, 1-RM knee extension: 0.73 ± 1.21%], p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Enrolment in the MacSeniors Exercise and Wellness program attenuated the age-related decline in VO2peak in women, but not in men in comparison to previously published rates of decline. Decline in upper and lower body large muscle force was attenuated in both men and women across all muscle groups compared to previously published normative rates of change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".