Relationship of early participation in physical activities to persistent post-concussive symptoms following acute paediatricpediatric concussion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Indentifier: NCT01873287 . Objective To investigate if early physical activity (7-days post-injury) was associated with lower risk of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) compared to guideline-recommended conservative rest. Design Prospective, multicenter, cohort study. Setting Nine tertiary Canadian Paediatric EDs. Participants 2413 children (61% male) aged 5-18 years with acute concussion (<48 hours) with inclusion/exclusion criteria per Predicting Persistent Post-concussive Problems in Paediatrics (5P) study. Assessment of risk factors Participation in physical activities, post-concussive symptoms, and concussion modifiers were assessed using standardised questionnaires at baseline, 7- and 28-days post-injury. Outcome measures PPCS (primary outcome) was defined as ≥3 new or worsening symptoms on Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory at 28-days post-enrolment. The relationship between early physical activity and PPCS was examined using regression, 1:1 propensity-matched, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses. Results PPCS occurred in 678/2413 (30.1%) participants. Most children (n=1677, 70%) participated in physical activity at one-week of which only n=528 (31%) were symptom-free. Early physical activity was associated with reduced likelihood of PPCS [regression: OR=0.42, (95% CI: 0.35–0.51)]. Early activity remained associated with reduced PPCS risk when matched 1:1 for propensity score [n=1290, OR=0.56, (95% CI: 0.44–0.71)], and using IPTW [n=2235, OR=0.62, (95% CI: 0.51–0.76)]. Sensitivity analyses (replacement of baseline symptoms with one-week symptoms) maintained significant associations [regression: OR=0.42, (95% CI: 0.35–0.51); propensity matching: OR=0.75, (95% CI: 0.60–0.94); and IPTW: OR=0.69, (95% CI: 0.57–0.85)]. Conclusions Physical activity within 7-days post-injury was associated with lower risk for PPCS in youth recovering from acute concussion. RCTs are urgently needed to confirm these findings and to determine the optimal timing of the initiation of physical activity. Competing interests No competing interests to disclose. This study was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Operating Grant MOP:#126197; CIHR-Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Team Grant TM1:#127047; and CIHR planning grant MRP: #119829. None.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".