Common Gartersnakes show density dependence in habitat selection despite no density dependence in growth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Density-dependent habitat selection is widespread and is caused by a decrease in mean fitness in a habitat as density in that habitat increases. Yet density dependence may not be at work in all organisms. Snakes, for example, eat infrequently and have thus been inferred to have weak responses to density, although no empirical evidence has demonstrated this yet. In this study, we used an enclosure experiment with different densities of Common Gartersnakes ( Thamnophis sirtalis Linnaeus 1758) to examine whether density dependence affects growth and habitat selection. We found no evidence of density dependence in growth. Surprisingly given the absence of density dependence in growth, we did find evidence of density-dependent habitat selection, although gartersnakes did not select habitat based on the location of food supplementation within our enclosures. Our study is the first to demonstrate density-dependent habitat selection by snakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".