Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation Using Consecutive Feed Injections and Fluidizable VO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/γAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and VO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>–γAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Propane oxidative dehydrogenation (PODH) was studied using VO x /γAl 2 O 3 and VO x /ZrO 2 –γAl 2 O 3 catalysts and consecutive propane injections. These catalysts were synthesized with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt % vanadium (V) loadings. Temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen displayed one reduction peak for VO x /γAl 2 O 3 and two for VO x /ZrO 2 –γAl 2 O 3 (5 and 7.5 wt % vanadium). Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3 -TPD) and pyridine Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that zirconia on γAl 2 O 3 reduces the catalyst acidity. NH 3 -TPD kinetics gave for VO x /ZrO 2 –γAl 2 O 3 higher desorption activation energies than those for VO x /γAl 2 O 3 . PODH runs in the Chemical Reactor Engineering Center Riser Simulator were developed under an oxygen-free atmosphere at 550 °C, close to 1 atm, 20 s, and a 42.0 catalyst/propane weight ratio (g/g). PODH runs for the 7.5% V/ZrO 2 –γAl 2 O 3 showed (a) 93% propylene selectivity and 25% propane conversion (based on propane converted into gaseous carbon-containing products), (b) 85% propylene selectivity at 28% propane conversion (based on propane converted including coke). The CO x selectivity remains at 2%. This makes the 7.5% V/ZrO 2 –γAl 2 O 3 catalyst a promising one for anticipated PODH industrial applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it