The Body Mass Index And Its Relationship With Cardiovascular Risk in Québec Firefighters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Firefighting tasks in emergency conditions impose high physiological and psychological demands, which can be particularly deleterious to the health and safety of firefighters. According to the National Fire Protection Association, 51 % of the deaths that occurred among U.S. firefighters in 2015 while on duty were sudden cardiac deaths. Therefore it is essential for firefighters to maintain a healthy body weight throughout their career in order to reduce the risk of on-duty death. Body mass index (BMI) is very likely associated to a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in firefighters. Misclassifying mesomorphic firefighters as obese by using BMI occurred infrequently in a U.S. firefighters’ cohort (Poston et al. 2011, J Occup Env Med, 53(3), 266-273). PURPOSE: To document CVD risk among Québec firefighters according to their BMI. METHODS: Seven hundred and seventy nine (779) male firefighters (age: 41.6 ± 10.4 years; BMI: 28.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2) answered an online questionnaire evaluating the presence of CVD risk factors and symptoms. All data collected were self-reported. Three groups were formed based on the BMI; Group 1 (G1): 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, Group 2 (G2): 25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, Group 3 (G3): BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) is 59.9% and 23.6% respectively. The number of modifiable risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, physical inactivity, smoking and dyslipidemia) is higher among firefighters with higher BMI before adjusting for age (G1: 0.70 ± 0.71, G2: 0.94 ± 0.78, G3: 1.32 ± 1.00, P≤0.001) and after (G1: 0.77 ± 0.70, G2: 0.94 ± 0.75, G3: 1.23 ± 0.93, P≤0.001). The BMI of participants who didn’t have any cardiovascular symptom (n=463) was lower than that of participants who did report at least one cardiovascular symptom (n=285) before adjusting for age (27.35 ± 2.94 vs 28.44 ± 3.97, P ≤ 0.001) and after (27.37 ± 2.85 vs 28.44 ± 3.83, P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results show the important prevalence of overweight and obesity among Québec firefighters based on BMI. They also show the relationship between BMI and CVD risk factors and symptoms. These relationships suggest that the BMI is an important indicator of CVD in Québec firefighters. P. Gendron was supported by a doctoral research scholarship from Fonds de recherche du Québec en santé.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".