Using urinary parameters to estimate seasonal variation in the physical condition of female white‐faced capuchin monkeys (<i>Cebus capucinus imitator</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The physical condition of females depends on access to resources, which vary over space and time. Assessing variation in physical condition can help identify factors affecting reproductive success, but noninvasive measurement is difficult in wild animals. Creatinine concentration relative to the specific gravity (i.e., density) of urine has promise for noninvasively quantifying the relative muscle mass (RMM) of wild primates. We verified the relationship between these urinary parameters for wild white-faced capuchin monkeys, and assessed temporal changes in the RMM of females across groups and between periods of high and low resource abundance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected urine from 25 adult females in three groups across varying seasons at Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. We measured the specific gravity and creatinine concentration of 692 samples and the effect of specific gravity on creatinine concentration. We used the residuals of this relationship to measure effects of group and season using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Specific gravity significantly predicted creatinine concentration. Season, group membership and the interaction between these variables were significant predictors of residual creatinine variation. Specifically, RMM was higher during months with high fruit energy density, lower in one social group, and less variable among females in the smallest group. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that specific gravity and creatinine may be used as urinary parameters to make inferences about the RMM of capuchins. Using this technique, we infer that females experienced changes in muscle mass according to variation in resource energy availability and social group variation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".