Changes in measures of cervical, vestibular, dynamic balance and tasks of divided attention following sport-related concussions in elite youth ice hockey players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To evaluate acute changes in measures of cervical spine, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function, dynamic balance and tasks of divided attention in elite youth ice hockey players following a sport-related concussion. Study Design Prospective Case series Setting Sport Medicine Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Participants Five hundred and fifty-nine (474 males) elite (AA and AAA) Bantam (13-14 years) and Midget (15-17 years) youth ice hockey players. Outcome measures Clinical measurements including cervical flexor endurance test (CFE), head perturbation test, head thrust test, dynamic visual acuity (DVA) (clinical and computerised), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and Walking While Talking (WWTT) test at baseline and acutely following concussion. Main results Sixty-nine of 97 (71%) players completed both baseline and acute post concussion measures for their first concussion and were included in these analyses. Following concussion, neck pain, headache and dizziness increased in 42%, 58% and 40% of participants respectively. After Bonferroni corrections (α=0.00625), using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, cervical spine measures were significantly worse following concussion compared to baseline [cervical flexor endurance test (z=−5.195, p<0.001) and head perturbation test (z=−4.631, p<0.001)]. Time to complete a complex task of divided attention (WWTT) relative to their normal walking speed was longer than baseline (z=−2.762, p=0.0057). There was no change in DVA or FGA following concussion. Conclusions Measures of cervical spine function and tasks of divided attention were worse following concussion. However, tests of VOR and dynamic balance were not significantly different than at baseline. Future research to evaluate the mechanism underlying these changes is warranted. Competing interests None.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".