Changes in Brideprice Payments in Christian and Muslim Villages of Kenya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
By looking at changes in brideprice practice over the last two decades, this article aims at understanding variations in marriage patterns and gender relations in rural Kenya. Attention is given to ways in which changes in brideprice payments impact women’s access to economic resources. The background for such changes in terms of culture and religion on the one hand, and education on the other is examined. The article builds on qualitative studies carried out in Christian villages in Western Province (1988) and Muslim villages in Coast (1990). Returning to the same villages in 2011 insight in continuities and changes is obtained in both areas. With the first round of studies as a background the article underlines present brideprice payments and how these have changed over time. Methods in both rounds are based upon ‘focused biographies’ in which basic demographic information and perceptions of childbearing, marriages and gender relations are collected. Data include in-depth interviews, interviews with key informants and focus groups, comprised of both women and men. The findings show that the burden of brideprice payment is gradually taken over by the younger generation. However, while in the Christian villages the bride has to share the burden, in the Muslim villages she has become a recipient. By this the more educated Christian women in Western remain strongly dependent on their husbands, while less educated Muslim women in Coast have gained some economic power.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".