Medial prefrontal GABA in generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: GSAD is associated with altered function of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which plays a key role in social cognition and GSAD is responsive to treatments that augment GABA neurotransmission. The aim was to compare mPFC GABA concentrations in GSAD and controls. Methods: 21 GSAD and 61 healthy age-, sex- and education-matched controls were compared using single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T. Absolute quantification of GABA was derived from a double quantum filter sequence with selective J-refocusing and tissue water measurements. Results: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale scores were 77 ± 17 in GSAD and 13 ± 10 in controls. mPFC GABA was lower (t = 2.8; df = 81; p = .006) in GSAD (0.96 ± .25 mmol) than controls (1.12 ± .22 mmol) independently of a history of major depressive episodes. Discussion: The study provides the first evidence for reduced mPFC GABA concentrations in GSAD. The results show that such changes are not specific to major depressive disorder. The data suggest a possible rationale for the efficacy of GABAergic treatments, but it remains to be investigated whether such measures may predict treament response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".