The Short Depression-Happiness Scale:A Russian Translation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, there has been growing research interest in the field of positive psychology (Gable & Haidt, 2005; Ivtzan, Lomas, Hefieron, & Worth, 2015; Joseph, 2015; Lomas, Hefieron, & Ivtzan, 2014; Snyder & Lopez, 2009). Within contemporary positive psychology, there is a wide range of self-report instruments to measure strengths and virtues suitable for use by both researchers and clinicians (Lopez & Snyder, 2003). One area of specific interest has been the operationalization and conceptualization of the construct of happiness. Examples of self-report scales of happiness include the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (Kozma & Stones, 1980); the Affectometer 2 (Kammann & Flett, 1983); the Happiness Measures (Fordyce, 1988); the Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyle, Martin, & Crossland, 1989); the Subjective Happiness Scale (also known as the General Happiness Scale); (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999); the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002); the Subjective Fluctuating Happiness Scale (Dambrun et ah, 2012); the Subjective Authentic Durable Happiness Scale (Dambrun et ah, 2012); and the Pemberton Happiness Index (Hervas & Vazquez, 2013).One established measure of happiness is the 25-item Depression-Happiness Scale (Joseph & Lewis, 1998). The Depression-Happiness Scale consists of 13 items with negative (e.g., I felt sad) and 12 items with positive content (e.g., I felt cheerful). The positive and negative items were constructed in a way, that they should represent each other's opposites and include the same level of intensity (I felt happy vs. I felt sad). Each item is rated on a four-point scale: never (0), rarely (1 ), sometimes (2), and (3). Three scores can be calculated: One for positive feelings, one for negative feelings, and a total-score (Lewis, Joseph, & McCollam, 1996). The 13 items concerned with negative thoughts, feelings, and bodily experiences are reverse scored so that possible scores of the total scale can range from 0 to 75 and the higher the score, the happier a person is rated. Previous studies have shown good internal consistencies for the total score ranging from .85 to .95 (Lewis et ah, 1996; Lewis, McCollam, & Joseph, 2001; McGrealJ Farsi (Bayani, 2006); and German (Paulitsch, Lewis, & Hartig, 2017). There also exists a 6-item Short Depression-Happiness Scale (Joseph, Linley, Harwood, Lewis, & McCollam, 2004) for use when time or space is limited. The Short Depression-Happiness Scale has been translated into Turkish (Sapmaz & Temizel, 2013); and can also be derived from the parent Depression-Happiness Scale translations into Hindi (Kishore & Pal, 2003); Farsi (Bayani, 2006); and German (Paulitsch et al., 2017). The Short Depression-Happiness Scale has the same structure and content as the original 2 5-item but has only six items. Therefore, the total scale can range from 0 to 3 0.At present within the Russian-speaking world, there is much interest among social scientists in positive psychology (Lyubomirsky, 2014). Indeed, Russia provides an interesting context to undertake such work. For example, there are inconsistencies in findings and commentaries that Russia consistently ranks low in levels of happiness in international comparisons (Myers & Diener, 1995; Smetanina, 2011 ; Yelshansky, Anufriev, Saparin, & Semyonov, 2016).Practically for researchers and clinicians interested in positive psychology in the Russian context, there are presently a growing number of scales available in the Russian language (Yelshansky, Anufriev, Kamaletdinova, Saparin, & Semyonov, 2016a; Yelshansky, Anufriev, Kamaletdinova et al., 2016b) and these are often Russian language translations of established scales developed in other languages. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".