Peptides from Antarctic krill (<i>Euphausia superba</i>) ameliorate senile osteoporosis via activating osteogenesis related BMP2/Smads and Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse strain P6 (SAMP6) was applied to investigate the effect of treatment with peptides from Antarctic Krill (AKP) on senile osteoporosis in vivo. Results showed that AKP significantly increased bone mineral density, improved bone biomechanical properties, and ameliorated trabecular bone microstructure by promoting bone anabolism in SAMP6. Neonatal murine calvaria culture system further demonstrated that AKP stimulated osteoblast-induced new osteoid and bone formation ex vivo. The mechanism revealed that AKP induced the secretion and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), which was identified as a potent osteoinductive factor, and activated BMP2-dependent Smads signaling by phosphorylation of Smad1. Wnt signaling shares the same osteogenesis related transcriptional factor Runx2 with BMP2/Smads pathway. AKP also induced the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by upregulating the expression of Wnt10b and β-catenin. In conclusion, AKP ameliorated senile osteoporosis by activating BMP2/Smads and Wnt/β-catenin molecular pathways, thereby promoting bone formation. Practical applications As a novel food material, Antarctic krill possesses an enormous biomass and utilization potential. It contains the largest amount of protein among all recorded organisms worldwide and the protein biological value is better than other animal proteins. This study demonstrated that peptides hydrolyzed from Antarctic Krill exhibit antiosteoporotic activity, which may provide some theoretical basis for the high-value of Antarctic Krill protein as antiosteoporotic functional foods in future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".