Effect of increasing circulating insulin on follicular development of Holstein cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased circulating insulin during the pre and post deviation period would increase the initial and final follicular development. Sixteen non-lactating and non pregnant Holstein cows were used. The estrous cycles were synchronized using an intravaginal P4 device of 1.9 g (CIDR®; Zoetis, SP, Brazil) and intramuscular (i.m.) 100 µg of GnRH (Gonadorelin diacetate; Cystorelin®, Merial, Canada) on day -12 of the protocol (random day of the estrous cycle). On day -5, 25 mg were administered i.m. of PFG2α (Dinoprost tromethamine; Lutalyse®, Zoetis, SP, Brazil). On day -3, the intravaginal P4 device was removed and cows received 25 mg of PGF2α im. On days 10 and 11 ± 1 of the estrous cycle all follicles > 5 mm were aspirated to synchronize the emergence of a new follicular wave. The second day of aspiration was considered D1 of the experiment, when treatments were initiated. For this, cows were divided into two treatments: water (control; C) or propylene glycol (P) provided orally in four daily doses of 300 mL every 6 hours for 3 consecutive days (D1 to D3, pre follicular deviation period), and another 3 consecutive days (D5 to D7; after follicular deviation period). The experimental design was a Latin square in a 2x2 factorial arrangement Thus, four groups were formed: 1) Group CC = water pre and post follicle deviation (n = 16); 2) Group CP = water pre and propylene glycol post follicle deviation, respectively (n = 16); 3) Group PC = propylene glycol pre and water post follicle deviation, respectively (n = 16); and 4) Group PP = propylene pre and post follicle deviation (n = 16). Blood samples were taken 0 (immediately before), 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after propylene glycol for circulating insulin. Ovarian ultrasonography examinations were performed daily for evaluation of follicular dynamics. Statistical analysis was performed by the MIXED procedures of SAS. Plasma insulin concentrations were higher for groups receiving propylene glycol compared to controls (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min: 17.5 ± 1.4; 26.3 ± 1.4; 31.2 ± 1.4; 21.8 ± 1.4, 16.9 ± 1.5 vs.12.1 ± 1.5; 11.6 ± 1.5; 11.2 ± 1.5; 10.8 ± 1 5; 11.1 ± 1.5; P ≤ 0.05). Despite this, there was no effect of circulating insulin increase (P > 0.05) on the rate of pre deviation (1.5 ± 0.14; 1.3 ± 0.15; 1.5 ± 0.14; 1.4 ± 0.15 mm/day) and post deviation (1.2 ± 0.13; 1.4 ± 0.14; 1.4 ± 0.13; 1.4 ± 0.13 mm/day) follicular growth and ovulatory follicle size (15.5 ± 0.56; 161 ± 0.55; 15.6 ± 0.52; 15.6 ± 0.54 mm) for CC, CP, PC and PP groups, respectively. We did not confirm the hypothesis that increased circulating insulin during pre and post deviation period interfere on follicle development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".