Statewide survey for streptomycin-resistant fire blight in orchards
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Streptomycin is the industry standard for managing fire blight on apples and pears. In 2002, streptomycin-resistance was confirmed in Wayne County and eradicated through prompt action. In October 2011, streptomycin-resistance was confirmed in four apple blocks in Wayne and Ontario Counties. We conducted a statewide survey in 2012 to locate and characterize any additional resistant bacterial populations. A total of 174 samples were collected. Erwinia amylovora was isolated from 129 of these and 15 of these isolates were resistant to streptomycin (11.6%). Preliminary phylogenetic results show that all streptomycin-resistant isolates carry the streptomycin resistance genes, strA and strB, on transposon Tn5393 which resides on the non-conjugative plasmid, pEa29, meaning that the isolates had to be spread physically. The survey found seven new locations in which resistant bacteria are present in Wayne, Ontario, Monroe, Orleans, and Niagara counties. These counties are now considered 'High Risk Areas' for streptomycin-resistant fire blight in 2013. To prepare for the 2013 growing season, we prepared new sample submission guidelines and fire blight best IPM practices for distribution by faculty and Extension educators, at the winter fruit schools, and at the Empire State Producers Exp
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".