State-Independent and Dependent Neural Responses to Psychosocial Stress in Current and Remitted Depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Stress is a strong risk factor for major depressive disorder, while sensitization to stress in remitted individuals plays a key role in depression recurrence. The present study explored the state-independent (trait) and dependent (state) neural responses to psychosocial stress in major depressive disorder. METHOD: Thirty-six patients with medication-naive first-episode current depression, 33 patients with remitted depression, and 36 demographically matched healthy control participants were administered the Montreal Imaging Stress Task during functional MRI. One-way analyses of variance were used to assess differences in stress responses in the three groups. RESULTS: Both currently depressed and remitted patients exhibited higher stress levels and cortisol responses than control subjects. Compared with control subjects, both depressed and remitted patients exhibited reduced activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the precuneus. The stress-induced ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation changes negatively correlated with cortisol increases in all three groups. Additional increased activations were found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral striatum in remitted patients compared with control subjects, and activation in these regions correlated inversely with depressive symptoms in the remitted group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide novel evidence regarding the trait and state markers of depression on neural responses to psychosocial stress. Regional activation changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and precuneus may reflect the trait markers of depression. Hyperactivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and striatum may represent a state-dependent compensatory mechanism during depression remission.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".