Particle Size Influences on the Coating Microstructure through Green Chromia Inclusion in Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an effort to color the aluminum alloy surface green via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), two alkaline solutions have been employed with particulate inclusions and sodium aluminate. Electrolyte I comprises a self-made chromia pigment with a mean particle size 69 nm, whereas electrolyte II contains a commercially available pigment, GN-M, with a larger particle size 351 nm. Both pigments are oxygen deficient Cr 2 O 3-δ of corundum-type structure before coating, the oxidative environment of PEO converts them into stoichiometric Cr 2 O 3 . In electrolyte I and II, the oxides of chromium and aluminum deposit simultaneously under analogous PEO conditions, yet resulting in very different microstructures. The GN-M inclusion of large size amasses on top of the coating, while the self-made inclusion goes deep, and closely associates with alumina and pores. The oxide coating, grown in electrolyte II, consists of a top Cr 2 O 3 -rich layer and a dense alumina layer underneath, delineated by the boundary marked with microdischarge burns. On the other hand, the self-made particulate inclusion appears to bring the electric microdischarges inside the coating and create inner pores and damages. The structure difference, caused by the difference in microdischarge locations, is attributed to shifting of the Cr 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 interface where p-type and n-type semiconductors meet.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it