Ion-Pair Formation Constants of Lithium Borate and Lithium Hydroxide under Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactor Coolant Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A custom-made high-precision flow AC conductance instrument was used to measure the frequency-dependent molar electrical conductivities of aqueous solutions of lithium borate from T = 298 K to T = 548 K at a constant pressure, p = 20 MPa. Ion-pair formation constants of lithium borate, K A, m [LiB(OH) 4 0 ], were derived from these measurements using the Turq–Blum–Bernard–Kunz (TBBK) conductivity model. Our results are consistent with previous low-temperature studies and are the first to be reported at temperatures above 318 K. Under ambient conditions, the degree of association of LiB(OH) 4 0 is half an order of magnitude higher than that of NaB(OH) 4 0 and KB(OH) 4 0, but at T ≥ 448 K, the association constants of all three ion-pairs are equal within the combined experimental uncertainties. The results have been used to derive new equations to represent the temperature dependence of the limiting conductivity of lithium, and the ion-pair formation constant of lithium borate under PWR operating conditions. A new model for the ion-pair formation constant of lithium hydroxide, K A, m [LiOH 0 ], derived from critically evaluated literature data is also reported. These results provide self-consistent thermodynamic constants suitable for modeling primary coolant chemistry for most current PWR reactor types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".