Bibliographic record
Abstract
Richards Bay Minerals has been operating gravity separation circuits since 1977, when the first mining concentrator and mineral separation plants were commissioned. Reichert cones were employed to produce a heavy mineral concentrate at the mine and wash-water spirals and shaking tables were used at the mineral separation plant to generate a suitable rutile and zircon-rich concentrate for further processing on dry electrostatic separation machines. Helical sluices, developed by Wright, provided an alternative to the Reichert cone and all future mining concentrator plants were equipped with these types of units. Roche (MDL) and Multotec developed improved designs of helical sluice and these eventually replaced the wash-water spirals and shaking tables in the mineral separation plant, reducing water requirements and improving plant availability. This paper descriptionbes the gravity separation circuits used at Richards Bay Minerals throughout its history and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the separation equipment employed. i?½Newi?½ developments in gravity separation are also discussed, namely the Floatex density separator and the Kelsey centrifugal jig.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".