CAD/CAM‐fabricated ceramic implant‐supported single crowns made from lithium disilicate: Final results of a 5‐year prospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background All‐ceramic bilayer systems suffer from technique‐sensitivity, resulting in increased technical complication rates. This might be overcome by monolithic reconstructions, facilitating digital workflows. Purpose To evaluate the clinical and patient‐reported outcome of CAD/CAM‐fabricated implant‐supported single crowns (ISCs) made of lithium disilicate (LS2) cemented on ceramic implants 5 years after implant installation. Materials and methods Twenty‐four patients were included in the study. All participants received a one‐piece ceramic implant in anterior (4 incisors) and posterior regions (10 premolars, 10 molars). LS2 crowns were computer‐aided designed (CAD), manufactured (CAM) and adhesively luted onto the implants. Follow‐ups were performed yearly up to 60 months after implant installation. The survival/success rates of the restorations were calculated according to modified US Public Health Service criteria as follows: Clinically relevant defects that could be repaired intraorally were accepted for survival, whereas small‐area chippings, roughness (ø < 2 mm), slightly soundable marginal gaps, minimal undercontours/overcontours, and tolerable color deviations were accepted for success. Kaplan‐Meier plots were used for the success/survival analyses. Furthermore, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed by applying visual analog scales (VAS). Linear (PROMs) and logistic (USPHS criteria) mixed models were fitted to evaluate time effects on response variables. Results Twenty‐two ISCs could be evaluated 55.2 ± 4.2 months after prosthetic delivery. Two patients were reported as drop‐outs (1 died, 1 moved abroad). No failures were observed, resulting in 100% survival. At two ISCs, a major‐roughness had to be treated. This resulted in a Kaplan‐Meier success estimate of 91.7% (95%CI: 70.6%‐97.9%). Compared with pretreatment, all surveys at prosthetic delivery except for self‐esteem (P = .375) showed significantly improved VAS scores. No decrease in satisfaction could be observed over time until the end of follow‐up (P ≥ .056). Conclusion Concerning survival/success rates and PROMs, the evaluated crown‐implant system showed favorable mid‐term results. To date, there are no comparable data available for implant‐supported ISCs made of LS2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".