Clomiphene for the Treatment of Male Infertility: A Case Report of Mood Change and a Literature Overview
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clomiphene is normally used in women with ovulatory dysfunction. In men, it is used off label in some cases of infertility. Psychological adverse effects are reported in women but very few in men. CASE: A 34-year-old man treated with clomiphene for oligoteratospermia presented anxiety, decreased appetite, and mood change making him unable to function properly at work, five days after initiation of therapy. Symptoms required reduction followed by discontinuation of treatment four days later because of absence of improvement. Following cessation, the patient noted a gradual then a complete resolution approximately one week later. The patient did not have any psychiatric or other medical condition neither drug nor substance abuse that could explain this clinical presentation. The Naranjo's score was used to prove the clomiphene's imputability. CONCLUSION: Health care providers should advise patients of the risk of psychological adverse effects when initiating treatment with clomiphene and should provide a close monitoring of mood change, especially during the initial weeks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".