Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article will discuss the actions taken by the president of the Iowa Northern Railway Company (IANR) to prevent the railroad from going belly-up in the 1990s. This was not accomplished single handedly but with help from his family, employees, several Class Is, a number of shippers and others. The IANR is a163-mile short line that was formed in 1984 following the liquidation of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Co. The railroad operates a mainline from Manly to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and a 20-mile branch line from Waterloo to Oelwein, Iowa. IANR interchanges directly with CN, Canadian Pacific, Union Pacific Railroad and the Cedar Rapids & Iowa City Railway, and indirectly with BNSF Railway Co., CSX Transportation, Kansas City Southern, Norfolk Southern Railway and Iowa Interstate Railroad Ltd. When the president of the IANR assumed management in the mid-1990s, he believed that the long-struggling railroad could generate more traffic by promoting the short line’s multiple Class I connections, developing strong business relationships with shippers, improving infrastructure and bolstering service performance. The president worked hard to nurture a number of relationships and obtain capital for the much-needed track work which helped to transform the railroad into the burgeoning short line it is today. The article discusses how, within the next two years, annual operating revenues should reach the necessary Surface Transportation Board classification level of $21 million for the short line to become a regional railroad, and within four years, annual carloads should reach the six figure mark.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.145 | 0.069 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".