Pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of several neoplastic conditions; however, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been reported as a complication of TKIs, predominantly with dasatinib. Recent studies have elucidated the potential mechanisms of TKI-induced PAH and have better clarified the long-term outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to the known association between dasatinib and PAH, several other TKIs have recently been reported to cause PAH, including ponatinib, bosutinib and lapatinib. Dasatinib causes direct pulmonary artery endothelial cell toxicity through the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, but likely requires the presence of a second risk factor to cause PAH. Symptoms and haemodynamic abnormalities frequently resolve after discontinuation of the TKI, but PAH persists in over a third of patients and can reoccur when other TKIs are used, which warrants close follow-up. Rare fatal cases have occurred; therefore, treatment with PAH-specific therapy is recommended for patients with right heart failure or persistent PAH after discontinuation of the TKI. SUMMARY: PAH is a rare but important complication of several TKIs. Management includes discontinuation of the TKI, close follow-up and PAH-specific therapy in severe cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".