Bibliographic record
Abstract
Manfred Starosta. Dolnoserbsko-nimski stownik/Niedersorbisch-- deutsches Worterbuch. Budysin [Bautzen]: Domowina, 1999. 720 pp. DM 39, cloth. It is ironic that Lower Sorbian, with its dwindling number of speakers, gets a new Sorbian-German dictionary earlier than Upper Sorbian which, while enjoying vigorous language maintenance, last saw the publication of a major Sorbian-German dictionary in 1954 (the outdated Jakubas). Perhaps, this new dictionary, however incomplete and imperfect, will contribute toward averting, if only by a generation or two, the death of Lower Sorbian, a language threatened by imminent extinction. This is quite in line with Nancy Dorian's statement that supporting a minority group's to hang on for one or two more generations might prove central to future revitalization efforts (Language 70 [1994]: 801). After decades of somewhat inflated estimates, field work conducted after German unification now puts the number of competent Lower Sorbian speakers at no more than 5,000 (Ludwig Ela [=Ludwig Elle], Die heutige Situation der sorbischen Sprache and Konzepte zu ihrer Revitalisierung, Maintenance, Revitalization and Development of Minority Languages. Bautzen/Budysin: Sorbisches Institut/Serbski Institut, 2000, 17-21). The large majority of these speakers (some 60%) are over 60 years old (Han Stenwijk, Nekotare wusledki sociolinguistiskego napsasowanja w Dolnjej Luzycy, Rozhlad 49: 12 [1999]: 442-447). After the monumental three-volume Lower Sorbian-German dictionary by Amost Muka (=Ernst Mucke) appeared between 1911 and 1928, in St. Petersburg/Prague, there were just two publications available to the interested scholar of the post-World War II period: Deutsch-niedersorbisches Taschenworterbuch (Bautzen, 1953) and Bogumil Swjela's Dolnoserbsko-nimski stownik (Bautzen, 1963). Each of these small volumes contained between 15,000 to 16,000 entries. After a long interval the lexicon of Lower Sorbian was gathered in two dictionaries aimed at learners in schools: Manfred Starosta's Dolnoserbsko-nemski stownik/Niedersorbisch-deutsches Worterbuch (Bautzen /Budysin, 1985) and Klaus-Peter Jannasch's [=Pits Jaral] Deutsch-niedersorbisches Worterbuch/Nemsko-dolnoserbski slownik (Bautzen/ Budysin, 1990), each with 16,000 and 19,000 entries, respectively. Man fired Starosta, a senior researcher at the Sorbian Institute in Cottbus/Chosebuz, intended the present publication five years earlier. But even with the delay his work is still incomplete and largely ignores derivational categories like negation, verbal nouns and participles. Shortage of time as well as lack of personnel made it impossible to produce a thesaurus of all Sorbian written texts. The dictionary contains 45,000 entries and is aimed primarily at persons who wish to achieve as complete a comprehension as possible of texts written in Lower Sorbian. For this reason, Starosta decided to include German loanwords, hybrid formations, and regional vocabulary. Since there exist no reliable stylistic and sociolinguistic studies of Lower Sorbian, he made sparing use of lexical markings, such as lit (literary), poet (poetical), umg (colloquial), dial (dialectal) or Os (Upper Sorbianism). …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.078 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".